I just spent hours getting sound working on my IBM ThinkPad 600E.
The key requirements are listed here.
1) The use of ACPI and PNP must be disabled in the kernel. This is done by passing the following arguments at boot using grub or another boot loader.
acpi=off pnpbios=off
2) The following paramaters have to be added to /etc/modprobe.d/sound
options snd-cs4236 isapnp=0 port=0x530 cport=0x538 irq=5 \
fm_port=0x388 sb_port=0x220 dma1=1 dma2=0 isapnp=0
It should work now, check lsmod to see if the correct driver has been loaded.